These patients had returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). falciparum, 15 Plasmodium vivax, 20 Plasmodium ovale, 6 Plasmodium malariae and 5 mixed infections (3 P. After application of the two molecular methods and sequencing, 291 cases including 245 P. ResultsĪ total of 296 blood samples, including 288 that were microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT and Plasmodium falciparum positive, and 1 suspected case, were collected and reanalysed. Importation origins were traced by country, and the prevalence of Plasmodium species was analysed by year. The results of the microscopy and the two molecular diagnostic methods were analysed. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was tested for four human-infectious Plasmodium species by using 18S rRNA-based nested PCR and Taqman probe-based real-time PCR. All patients accepted microscopy and rapid diagnosis test (RDT) examinations. Methodsīlood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2018. Well-timed and accurate diagnoses could support the timely implementation of therapeutic schedules, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid transmission of the disease. As the elimination of indigenous malaria continues in China, imported malaria has gradually become a major health hazard. A sound understanding of small-scale heterogeneity, caused by spatial aggregation of schoolchildren, is important to inform health planners for implementing control schistosomiasis interventions.Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. In addition, evidence of heterogeneity of the infection risk was found at the micro-geographical level. The overall predictive performance of the spatial random effects model was higher than the ordinary logistic regression. Schools located either on the plateau and the valley also differed in prevalence and intensity of infection for moderate infection to none (OR = 1.64 95% CI = 1.36- 1.96). The risk of infection was related to intermediate host snail abundance (OR = 1.03 95% CI = 1.00-1.05) and vegetation cover (OR = 1.04 95% CI = 1.00-1.07).
The mean prevalence rate was 9.6%, with significance difference between young and older children (odds ratio (OR) = 0.71 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.51-0.96). Three logistic regression models were fitted assuming different random effects to allow for spatial structuring. The risk factors identified included geographical location, altitude, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), maximum temperature, age, sex of the child and intermediate host snail abundance. We investigated risk factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis, and examined small-scale spatial heterogeneity in prevalence, using data collected from 1,912 schoolchildren, 6 to 15-year-old, recruited from 20 schools in Kafue and Luangwa districts. In line with the aims of the “National Bilharzia Control Programme” and the “School Health and Nutrition Programme” in Zambia, a study on urinary schistosomiasis was conducted in 20 primary schools of Lusaka province to further our understanding of the epidemiology of the infection, and to enhance spatial targeting of control.